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The entry into force of the Council of Europe Convention on Action
against Trafficking in Human Beings on 1 February 2008 represents
a major step in the protection of rights of the individuals who
have been trapped in a modern form of slavery, said Amnesty International,
Anti-Slavery International and La Strada International today.
The 14 states which have so far become parties to this Convention
have committed themselves to ensuring enhanced respect and protection
of the rights of trafficked persons.
Amnesty International, Anti-Slavery International and La Strada
International call on the other 33 member states of the Council
of Europe, as well as the European Union, to follow the lead taken
by Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Denmark, France, Georgia, Malta, Moldova, Norway, Romania
and Slovakia by becoming parties to and implementing this Convention
without further delay.
"In and through Europe, women, men and children are trafficked
for exploitation in a variety of sectors, such as domestic work,
farming, manufacturing, construction, hospitality and forced prostitution.
While accurate statistics of this global crime are not available,
due in part to its clandestine nature and difficulties inherent
in locating and accurately identifying its victims, estimates of
its global incidence range in the millions", said Klara
Skrivankova of Anti-Slavery International.
Jill Heine of Amnesty International said that: "In the
course of this ordeal, the very human dignity of persons who are
trafficked is violated. In the trafficking process, trafficked persons
are typically subjected to compound violations of their human rights.
Many are abducted, held against their will in poor conditions, beaten,
sexually abused and subjected to other forms of torture. Frequently
they suffer violations of the rights to physical and mental integrity;
liberty and security of the person; freedom from slavery, slavery-like
practices, torture and other inhuman or degrading treatment; family
life; freedom of movement; privacy; the highest attainable standard
of health; and safe and secure housing."
Rather than being treated as victims of heinous crimes, when they
come to the attention of the authorities, typically trafficked persons
are treated as criminals, unlawful aliens or, in cases in which
the authorities seek to pursue their trafficker, useful tools of
the criminal justice system. The psychological, medical and social
consequences of the ordeal to which they have been subjected and
the underlying root causes (including the "push" and "pull"
factors) are rarely addressed. Assistance, when offered to trafficked
people to recover from their ordeal, is frequently made conditional
on their agreement to cooperate in prosecutions against their traffickers.
Such cooperation often places trafficked persons and members of
their families in further danger at the hands of the traffickers.
"Access to justice including redress, compensation, restitution
and rehabilitation, for the abuses that victims have suffered is
rare across Europe. Non-nationals without rights to residence in
the country in which they are found are frequently deported without
consideration of the risks that they may face on return, be they
re-trafficking or other violence at the hands of their traffickers
or others", said Marieke van Doorninck of La Strada International
.
Those states that become parties to the Council of Europe Convention
against Trafficking, have committed themselves to taking a different
approach. They have agreed to take individual and collective action
to criminalise trafficking as well as a range of other minimum steps
necessary to respect and protect the rights of trafficked persons.
These steps include, among others, ensuring that:
- a mechanism is in place for the accurate identification of trafficked
persons;
- persons reasonably believed to have been trafficked are granted
time to recover and are offered assistance and protection-regardless
of whether they agree to participate in any proceedings the authorities
may decide to pursue against those responsible for their ordeal;
- and that trafficked persons have access to redress, including
compensation.
Within the next year, the states that are a party to the Council
of Europe Convention against Trafficking will elect 10-15 independent
experts who will serve as the body which is tasked with assisting
states in their implementation of this treaty. Amnesty International,
Anti-Slavery International and La Strada International therefore
also call on states and the Committee of Ministers of the Council
of Europe to ensure that the processes of nomination and election
of the members this body -- known as GRETA -- are open, transparent
and aimed at ensuring that those appointed are independent, possess
the relevant expertise and that this body is afforded adequate resources
to carry out its function.
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