The Triangular ‘Trade’
Numbers and losses on the Trans-Atlantic Crossing
Organisation of England’s Slave Trade, 1600-1800
Economics of sugar and slave labour
Profitability of the trade






For about a century and a half towards the late 1600’s, the English were the main slave carriers in Europe, responsible for approximately 11,000 slaving voyages, which carried some 3.3 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic. Ships left European ports for the Atlantic coast of Africa where they packed between 200 – 450 Africans into their holds. Then the ships sailed directly to the Americas and Caribbean to sell their ‘cargo’ and to collect goods such as sugar, tobacco, ivory and gum for resale in Europe. This ‘triangular trade’ as it has come to be known, resulted in huge losses of life, from the Transatlantic crossing, to the seasoning process which ‘prepared’ Africans for plantation life, and during their enslavement on the plantations. Enslaving Africans was a profitable business for Europeans, sometimes more so than others. But for Africans and Africa, the cost was always assured. It was one of social disorder, economic exploitation and human misery.
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Scene from the African Coast, c.1833 © Anti-Slavery International
On a slave ship © Anti-Slavery International

Scene from the African Coast, c.1833


On a slave ship